Chapter 13: EDWARDS OF WORCESTER |
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The Edwards surname is derived from Edward which in turn is from the Old English personal name ead "rich" + weard "ward" or "guardian". It remained a popular given name after the Norman Conquest and subsequently became one of our most common surnames. William Edwards had five known children by his wife, Ann Amphlett whom he married in December 1781 in All Saints, Worcester. We only know something of the lives of two of these offspring, namely Ezekiel Dilworth Edwards and his sister Susan(ah).
Worcester in 1806 Ezekiel Dilworth Edwards was born in Worcester in 1788. In 1808 he joined the 50th Regiment of Foot (the Royal West Kents) and served, according to his discharge papers, in Holland, Portugal and Spain. He was also at Toulouse where he was wounded in the foot. On 24 June 1818, having served 10 years and 14 days, Ezekiel was discharged on the grounds of suffering from asthma. When Ezekiel joined the army the Peninsular War (1808-1814) was starting as a result of the French (under Napoleon Bonaparte) invading Spain and Portugal. The 50th Regiment was part of the army of Sir Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) that landed in Portugal in August of that year and moved on Vimera. Part of the army under Sir John Moore then marched north-eastwards to menace the French supply lines. Napoleon swiftly turned a large army against him and Moore was forced to retire to the coast at Corunna. During a battle fought on January 16th 1809 the 50th re-took the village of Elvina with a spirited bayonet charge. The Regiment subsequently took part in the battles at Almaraz, Vittoria and for the passes of the Pyrenees and at the forcing of the passage across the River Nive where the 50th forded the river breast high in a rapid current under very heavy musket fire. The Battle of Toulouse, where Ezekiel was wounded, was the last major battle of the Peninsular War. It took place on 10 April 1814, four days after Napoleon had abdicated. After the war, 'Peninsular' was awarded to the 50th as a Battle Honour covering all of those actions for which special honours had not been granted. It was during the Peninsular War that the nickname “The Dirty half Hundred” was given to the 50th Regiment. According to tradition the reason for it was that the dye came off their black cuffs when the troops wiped the perspiration from their faces. According to Sir Arthur Wellesley in 1808 the 50th were “Not a good-looking Regiment, but devilish steady”. On leaving the army Ezekiel returned to Worcester where he took up work as glove maker. Worcester's gloving industry reached its peak between 1790 and 1820 when 150 manufacturers of gloves employed over 30,000 people in and around Worcester. At this time nearly half of all glovers in Britain were based in and around the city of Worcester. In 1826 the Government removed the import duty on foreign gloves, which essentially ended Worcester's gloving industry. Of the 108 manufacturers recorded for the city in 1830, only 11 were left by 1885, although boot and shoe factories were set up to make use of the population's leather-working skills. Ezekiel Dilworth may have moved to these new industries, for by 1851 he was working as a leather dresser and at the time of his death he was a leather parer. These two trades are closely allied. They relate to the preparation of leather for working in to gloves or shoes. In March 1824 Ezekiel Dilworth had to appear at the local Quarter Sessions to explain to the local Justices of the Peace how he came to be in possession of a stolen barrow which was the rightful property of William Shuck of Knightwick. Shuck used the barrow to wheel dung on behalf of Francis Wright. Daniel Dew stood accused of stealing it and leaving it with, presumably an unwitting, Ezekiel Dilworth to sell. Ezekiel Dilworth and his family lived at several addresses in Worcester. He had children born Copenhagen Street (1814 and 1827), Birdport Street (now Deansway)(1819 and 1821), China Slip (1829) and Fish Street (1832). In the census year of 1841 the family was at Warmstry Road and in 1851 back in Copenhagen Street. Ezekiel Dilworth spent some of his declining years as a Chelsea Pensioner in Chelsea Royal Hospital, whilst his wife remained in Worcester. However he was living in Powick Lane, Worcester, when he died on 16 December 1864 at the given age of 75 (he was actually 76).
Copenhagen Street in the Early Twentieth Century Nine children were born to Ezekiel Dilworth and his wife Ann Wall. All were baptised in St Andrews, Worcester, between 1814 and 1832. The Medieval Church of St Andrew was demolished in about 1949 after many years of decline, disuse & decay. The spire however still stands. “Glovers Needle “is the local name for the spire and recalls the years when Worcester was a major glove making centre and Copenhagen Street in particular was associated with the trade. Today this street is largely landscaped as an attractive park.
All Saints (left) and St Andrew's (right) Churches, Worcester Having served a seven year apprenticeship as a leather colourer under John Burbridge of All Saint's, Thomas, Ezekiel Dilworth's first born, became a cabinet maker. He first worked in Worcester before moving to Malvern. Thomas married twice, his first wife Mary Vale died in 1883.Mary bore six children; Theophilus, the first born of these became a Primitive Methodist minister in Kidderminster before moving to Camberwell, London, where he worked as a City Missionary. Thomas was a zealous Sunday School teacher and lay preacher. Perhaps following the example of his son's vocation, and certainly at the request of a Mr Banar of Malvern, every Sunday, having worked six days and two nights at his trade, Thomas walked eight miles to Fromes Hill. By the early 1860s, Fromes Hill had become notorious for the profane and dissolute habits of its people. Once there Thomas preached to them in a cottage. He met a lot of opposition, but in 1864 Mr Banar was so impressed that although an Anglican he offered to build him a Mission Hall and a Manse. Accepting the offer Thomas gave up his trade and devoted himself to being a Pastor evangelist on the understanding that he be given a free hand and not attached to any specific denomination. Mr Banar agreed to pay him a stipend of £70 a year. The Hall was a plain building of brick and stucco accommodating 100 people, with a room at the back for schoolroom and vestry. A small porch adorned the front entrance and a small graveyard was established. It is believed that Thomas carved the reading desk in the hall himself. Thomas remained there for 36 years, "Beloved by all". (after A J Stephens 1930; The Story of Congregationalism in Bromyard) Following the death of Mary, Thomas married Hannah (known as Annie) Morrell two years later. Hannah had at least two children by her previous husband Henry Durrant. She had one child, Frederick Beecher, by Thomas. Hannah was said to be a capable preacher. When Mr Banar died he left no money to continue the mission but the Congregational Union of Gloucester and Hereford came to the rescue and paid the stipend. Thomas carried on for many years, living for at least some of the time at 7 Bankes Road, Small Heath, Birmingham, before retired to a small house, which he called 'Fromes Hill', also in Small Heath, where he only lived a few months before dying at the ripe old age of 86. Following the death of Thomas in 1899, it is believed that Hannah went to Canada, to live with her son Frederick Beecher Edwards, who was a newspaper reporter in Montreal. (partially after A J Stephens 1930; The Story of Congregationalism in Bromyard) In 1914 Frederick Beecher Edwards, who had been educated at King Edward VI Camp Hill Grammar School in Kings Heath, Birmingham, was a journalist based in Montreal. Two years later he was a newspaper editor working from 302 South 10th Street in Philadelphia. At about that time he married Mabel Rosalind Law, who had emigrate to the USA with her family in 1888 when she was eight years old. In 1917 Frederick Beecher was in Baltimore, Maryland, when he was called up on to register for the draft to serve in the US forces which were just entering the First World War in Europe. He returned Canada however and on 17 November signed up with the Canadian Over-Seas Expeditionary Force. His attestation papers reveal that he was 5' 9.5" tall and oh fair complexion with brown hair and blue eyes. He had kept his family Congregationalist faith. He was one of 418,000 Canadians who joined the army during the First World War and served overseas with the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF). Sixty-three of his countrymen won the Victoria Cross, 56,500 were killed and a further 153,500 were wounded (i.e. over half of the Canadian combatants were killed or wounded). On his return to North America, Frederick Beecher again took up journalism. In 1920 he was appears to have been lodging and working in Manhattan, New York. Later, but before the Second World War, he is known to have lived at 1160 St Mark Street then 1830 Boyle Street in Montreal. He died at 85-12th Street, New York City, on 5 November 1944; however his home address at the time was 4745 Queen Mary Road, Montreal. He was buried in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal. His widow died ten years later and was buried in the same place.
The Edwards Grave in Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal Frederick Beecher is known to have had articles published in Maclean's Magazine (on 'Fascism in Canada'), The Fitchburg Sentinel (Fitchburg, Massachusetts), The Gettysburg Times (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania), The Dixon Evening Telegraph (Dixon, Illinois), The Lowell Sun (Lowell, Massachusetts), and The Frederick Post (Frederick, Maryland). Several of the articles were published after his death. Thomas and Mary's daughter Mary Ann married George Tyler, a confectioner and baker and moved to Birmingham. Her brother Thomas Frederick Minchell became a tailor in Birmingham. Their brother Ezekiel John became a shoemaker and later tailor, again in Birmingham. Ezekiel John played host to his father's step-son, Phillip Durrant, during the latter's youth. Elizabeth Caroline appears not to have married. Maria, oldest daughter of Ezekiel Dilworth and Ann, married William Price in Claines on 28 March 1837. One of the witnesses to the marraiges was Thomas Edwards, Maria’s brother. William was variously a locksmith, blacksmith, whitesmith and church bell hanger. William and Maria were witness to his brother Thomas marriage to Mary Ann Cannon in 1846 and he was also witness to the marriage of Maria’s sister Sarah to John Blackwell in 1850. In 1852 William became landlord of the Cock Inn 40 Copenhagen Street, until the licences was transferred in May 1855. Maria and William had six children, with Maria pregnant with a seventh, when on 15 October 1856, William was found drowned in the Severn near Diglis weir. A report in a local paper recalls the events leading up to his demise; 'On Wednesday morning the body of William Price a whitesmith of Cooken Street was found in the Severn near the weir, by a fisherman. An inquest was held before Mr Hughes the same day at the Anchor Inn Diglis, when it appeared the deceased had for some time been out of work having lost his place through neglect and drinking. On Saturday night of the 4th, he attended his club meeting and asked for a trade card, that he might go on tramp (looking for work in other towns); but this was refused and about midnight he went home in a very excited state in company of a fellow workman to whom he said all the world was against him but he'd not trouble them much longer, suddenly he left the house and was not seen again alive. There were no marks of violence on the body. The deceased was 39, left a wife near her confinement and six young children. Verdict "Found drowned".' William was buried 19th October 1856 in St Andrews Church a few yards from where he lived. His daughter Susan was born eight weeks later. All except one of Maria and William's eight children who reached working age, worked in the leather industries for which Worcester was so well known. They worked as glovers, boot makers and shoe makers. Bootmakers apprentice, Edward, drowned while swimming in the river Severn at age 14 Frederick Edward died of Pneumonia at the age of 3 years 5 months, only three months after William's death, Edward and Ann were baptized at St Albans in Little Fish Street the other children at St Andrews in Copenhagen Street, three of them at same time at the latter church. Ann had a daughter Alice, baptized in1866 at St Andrews Church while living with her mother at Powick Lane Worcester. There was a Thomas Price as father on the baptism record, but there is no record of a marriage of a Thomas Price and Ann Price. When Ann married Robert Palmer in 1876 she stated she was a spinster. Jane had a illegitimate son Thomas born in November 1862 when she was still living with mother. Jane worked as a servant before marrying Thomas Ezekiel Brookes in Birmingham 1867. She moved to London soon after and had five children. William married Clara Gilchrist and had five children. In 1891 he was a boot manufacturer and employer in Shoreditch London. Following William's death Maria Price nee Edwards married Charles Ward by whom she had one child, Ellen, born in 1859. When she married Charles, Maria was a leather parer. There is something peculiar about Maria's second marriage, for in every subsequent census return she is described as married, but at no time is her husband at home. In 1861 she was a charwoman living in Powick Lane, Worcester, but by 1871 she had moved to Wellesley Road, St Pancras in London, where she stayed until at least 1881. In 1871 her absent husband is described as a watchmaker - not the sort of occupation that one would expect to involve extended or frequent absences from home. Maria and Charles' only child married Wiliam Pearc(e)y in the St Pancras area of London in 1878. The couple had ten children. William Pearc(e)y was a barristers clerk throughout his life. Two of his sons also became clerks, but worked for publicans. William, Maria's brother, became a tailor. He married Elizabeth Jones in Worcester in 1848 then worked as a tailor in Leigh near Malvern. In the early 1860s he lived in Birmingham for a time, but soon returned to Leigh where he appears to have lived the rest of his life. William and Elizabeth did not have any children. William died in 1883. Five years later Elizabeth emigrated to America where her brother William and sister Hannah were already living. She lived with her brother-in-law and sister in Brigham City, Utah until her death in 1903. Like his brother, Ezekiel Edwards also became a tailor and lived for a time in Birmingham, but the New World beckoned and in 1869 Ezekiel left for Philadelphia taking with him his wife and family. He carried on his chosen trade in his new home. Ezekiel apparently kept the non-conformist faith typical of the Edwards family, for he and wife Margaret spent their declining years in the Presbyterian Home for Aged Couples and Aged Single Men in Philadelphia.
The Presbyterian Home for Aged Couples and Aged Single Men, Bala, Philadelphia Frederic(k) stayed in Worcester and became a boot maker, living first in Friar Street and then in Pump Street. Amelia married a printer and moved with him to West Derby in Liverpool. Amelia's twin, Sarah, married John William Blackwell and had at least four children. Sarah and at least two of her three daughters were gloveresses, whilst her husband was a boot maker. Alice, Sarah and John's youngest daughter ended her days as a lunatic in the County and City Lunatic Asylum. The asylum consisted of an estate of about 46 acres and was situated halfway between Worcester and Malvern just outside the village of Powick. It was originally erected for the accommodation of 200 inmates but held just over 900 at the time that Alice was there. The asylum also had a variety of workshops for various trades, a gas works, a farm, brew-house, bake-house and a chapel. The marriage of Ezekiel Dilworth's youngest son appears to have broken down. George, a boot maker, and Hannah had twelve children, all born in Worcester between 1853 and 1874, but by 1881 George was living as a boarded in Shoreditch, London with Hannah still living in Worcester. Twenty years later George was boarding back in Worcester, but Hannah was living with her daughter Rhoda Florence and her family in Colwall, Herefordshire. George William, the third of the twelve children born to George and Hannah, became first a gilder then a brushmaker (like his sister Sarah Emily). He lived for a time in the early 1880s in Swansea before returning home to Worcester. He married Caroline Emma (or Emma Caroline) Holmes and had five children with her, although like his father he seems to have spent long periods away from home. George William died in London in 1907, his widow emigrated to Canada the following year taking at least four of her five children with her. Edwin Albert,the oldest of the children that emigrated with his mother, had already married and started a family of his own at the time; all left for Canada. Edwin Albert lived in Winnipeg where he worked as motorman (the driver of an electric train or tram). He lived there with Florence, his daughter. His brother Richard Whately came back to England. Susanah, sister to Ezekiel Dilworth, married James Hill, a tanner, in about 1816. The couple started their married life in James' home town of Upton on Severn before moving to Kidderminster before 1841. In Kidderminster, they lived first in Bromsgrove Street, then in Fair Street for at least twenty years. Both Susanah and James lived to great ages, Susanah dying in 1875 at 84 years old and James four years later at 87 years old. In about 1845, one of their five known children, Sarah, married Samuel Millward, a carpet loom weaver. The modern carpet industry was founded in Kidderminster in 1785 by Brintons, becoming extremely important to the local economy, so much so that the local newspaper is still named the Kidderminster Shuttle after the shuttles used on the carpet looms. Good transport links enabled Kidderminster carpets to be sold throughout Britain and overseas. Transportation was primarily by canal, which arrived in the late 1770s. By 1789 a route to London had been opened up and this had a great effect on the volume of trade with the capital. By the early 19th century, foreign exports had become vital in the growth of the carpet trade. In 1809, Henry Woodward and Company of Church Street was commissioned to carpet the Blue Room, now known as the Oval Office, in the White House. In the 1830s new industrial processes were introduced in Kidderminster and as a result the carpet industry expanded so that by 1851 the town had a population of 17,000. The application of steam power was slow, partly because of the availability of water power for spinning and the persistence of handlooms in weaving. The creation of the Stour Vale Mill Company in 1855 which was financed by Lord Ward enabled small companies to link their spinning machines and looms to a large steam engine. Although much declined in recent years, the industry is still a significant employer in the area, with Brintons still employing several hundred people.
After working as weaver Samuel Millward ran The Crown Inn in Kidderminster for a while. His son, Arthur, was a skilled sportsman and so escaped a life as a factory hand in the carpet mills. Arthur played cricket for the Worcestershire second XI in 1893, the first team the following year until 1896, then one match for North of England in 1900. In 1900 he also played one test match for England when he scored nineteen runs and bowled five overs. In 1907 and 1921 he umpired test matches between England and South Africa, and England and Australia respectively. He became a cricket coach at Highgate School, London, and also opened a sports shop. In the spring of 1850, Harriet, another of Ann and James' children, married Thomas Sweetman, who also worked as a carpet weaver.
0 .William EDWARDS m.Ann AMPHLETT Acknowledgements: Writing the above essay would not have been possible without the generous contribution of information by Frederick Paul Francis Edwards, Pat Marshall and Barry Price |
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This page was last updated on 19 January 2008
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